MOTS-c
A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied in laboratory settings for mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis
About MOTS-c
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-C, CAS 1627580-64-6) is a 16 amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome. It represents a novel class of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) that act as signaling molecules affecting cellular metabolism.
MOTS-c was discovered in 2015 by Dr. Pinchas Cohen and his research team at the University of Southern California's Leonard Davis School of Gerontology. The discovery was groundbreaking because it revealed that mitochondria—long thought to be mere cellular power plants—actually encode signaling peptides that communicate with the rest of the cell and body.
The peptide's name reflects its origin: MOTS-c stands for Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA type-C. It's a 16 amino acid sequence hidden within what was previously considered non-coding mitochondrial DNA. This discovery opened an entirely new field of research into mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) and their roles in metabolism and aging.
Research has suggested that circulating MOTS-c concentrations may decrease with age, based on observational studies across age cohorts. The peptide has been shown to activate AMPK, a master metabolic regulator often called the 'exercise enzyme.' Preclinical studies in murine models have examined its interactions with insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, and exercise-related pathways, generating significant interest in aging and metabolic research.
Quick Facts
| CAS Number | 1627580-64-6 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₃S₂ |
| Molar Mass | 2174.6 g/mol |
| Sequence | 16 amino acids |
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Purity | 99%+ (HPLC verified) |
| Third-Party Testing | Freedom Diagnostics (COA included) |
| Storage | Room temp 3–4 months; refrigerate post-reconstitution |
| Price (from) | $60.00 USD |
| SKU | PF-MOTSC-10MG |
How MOTS-c Works
Preclinical studies have examined MOTS-c's mechanism as a mitochondrial-derived signaling peptide that translocates to the nucleus during metabolic stress to regulate gene expression and activate AMPK-dependent metabolic pathways.
AMPK Activation
MOTS-c activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central metabolic sensor. AMPK activation promotes glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis while inhibiting anabolic processes that consume ATP.
Nuclear Translocation
Under metabolic stress conditions, MOTS-c translocates from cytoplasm to nucleus where it regulates gene expression. This retrograde signaling represents a novel communication pathway between mitochondria and nuclear genome.
Folate-Methionine Cycle
MOTS-c influences the folate cycle and de novo purine biosynthesis. By modulating one-carbon metabolism, it affects cellular methylation patterns and nucleotide availability, with downstream effects on metabolism and gene expression.
Insulin Sensitivity
Through AMPK activation and metabolic reprogramming, MOTS-c enhances skeletal muscle glucose uptake and whole-body insulin sensitivity in preclinical models. This occurs partly through increased GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is MOTS-c?
- MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-C, CAS 1627580-64-6) is a 16 amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome. It represents a novel class of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) that act as signaling molecules affecting cellular metabolism.
- What is the CAS number for MOTS-c?
- The CAS number for MOTS-c is 1627580-64-6.
- What purity is Peptide Foundry's MOTS-c?
- Peptide Foundry's research peptides are manufactured to 99%+ purity. Every batch is verified by an independent third-party laboratory (Freedom Diagnostics) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for purity and identity, Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay for bacterial endotoxin, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for heavy-metal contamination. A Certificate of Analysis is published for every product and batch.
- How should MOTS-c be stored?
- Lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptides are stable at room temperature for 3–4 months. Once reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, store refrigerated (2–8 °C) and use within 30 days. Keep away from direct light and extreme temperatures.
- Does MOTS-c ship with a Certificate of Analysis?
- Yes. Every batch of every product ships with a Certificate of Analysis from Freedom Diagnostics, an independent third-party analytical laboratory. The COA documents HPLC purity, peptide identity, endotoxin testing, and heavy-metals screening.
- Is MOTS-c sold for human use?
- No. All products sold by Peptide Foundry are strictly for in-vitro research and laboratory use only (RUO). They are not intended for human or animal consumption, therapeutic use, or diagnostic application.
Scientific References
- Lee C, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism. 2015;21(3):443-454. PubMed: 25738459
- Kim KH, et al. MOTS-c: A mitochondrial-encoded regulator of the nucleus during metabolic stress. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2018;29(10):2367-2369. PubMed: 29983246
- Reynolds JC, et al. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nature Communications. 2021;12(1):470. PubMed: 33473109
This product is sold strictly for in-vitro research use only (RUO). It is not intended for human or animal consumption, therapeutic use, or diagnostic application.